Recently Published Issues – Bentham Science Journals

Adolescent Psychiatry , 6 Issue 1

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Current Aging Science, 9 Issue 3

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Current Drug Metabolism, 17 Issue 7

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Current Protein & Peptide Science , 17 Issue 6

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Current Medicinal Chemistry , 23 Issue 19

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Current Chemical Biology , 10 Issue 1

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Current Bionanotechnology , 2 Issue 1

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Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, 13 Issue 4

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Current Diabetes Reviews, 12 Issue 3

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Current Organic Chemistry, 20 Issue 20

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Current Enzyme Inhibition , 12 Issue 2

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Current Molecular Medicine , 16 Issue 6

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Social Media Use among Adolescents: Benefits and Risks

Author(s):

Dana Reid and Paul WeiglePages 73-80 (8)

Abstract:

Background: Although use of social media is an important part of adolescents’ lives, the mental health impact of this activity is largely unknown to practitioners.

Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted regarding social media use among adolescents and the benefits and potential risks associated with that use. A PUBMED search was conducted using various terms including “social media and teens”, “social media and suicide”, “facebook and suicide”, “sexting”, “cyberbullying”, “facebook and teens”, “social media and self-injury”. Relevant articles were examined and used in this review. Also, reports on adolescent social media use from the Pew Internet and American Life Project were examined.

Results: This newer form of communication has many benefits to adolescents and plays an important role in their social lives. Despite the numerous benefits of these technologies, there are also several potential risks that can be detrimental to the mental health and well-being of adolescents.

Conclusions: It is critical that child psychiatrists and other mental health providers be informed of these potential risks so they can more effectively educate and treat their adolescent patients and their families.

Keywords:

Adolescents, cyberbullying, internet, pro-eating disorder websites, self-injury, sexting, social media, suicide.

Affiliation:

1004 Bombay Lane, Roswell, Georgia, 30076 USA.

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Deliberate Foreign Body Ingestion and Hopefulness Across Clinical Settings: An Under-Appreciated, but Significant, Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Author(s):

Gagandeep Singh, Theodore A. Petti, Michael Gara, Barbara K. Snyder and Mark RosatoPages 229-236 (8)

Abstract:

Background: Deliberate Foreign Body Ingestion (DFBI) is a form of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). DFBI is a problem in longer-term care psychiatric facilities but is poorly detailed in clinical and general pediatric populations. Hopefulness is a construct that may prove useful in formulating diagnosis and treatment for youth with DFBI.

Methods: Adolescents ages 11-18 years from an adolescent medicine clinic and a psychiatric inpatient unit were surveyed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of DFBI in clinical settings. They were asked to anonymously complete a questionnaire focused on coping styles under stress that elicits basic demographics, positive and negative coping strategies, deliberate self-harm (DSH), and DFBI.

Results: Survey completers, N=253 were ages 11-19 years; 229 responded to the question concerning DFBI. Prevalence of reported DFBI differed with statistical significance between the settings. Neither age nor a sense of hopefulness differed between the groups. All of the youth with DFBI reported being very or somewhat hopeful. Degree of hopefulness reported across the settings differed but for those with DFBI was not significantly different. A history of DSH was correlated with a statistically significant increased risk for DFBI.

Conclusions: DFBI occurs frequently enough to warrant clinician inquiry especially in more restrictive settings in youth with histories of DSH; it should be considered within the NSSI DSM-V diagnostic classification. The sense of hopefulness in those endorsing DFBI and other NSSI should be more fully explored for its role in formulation and treatment planning.

Keywords:

Adolescents, deliberate foreign body ingestion, NSSI, self-injury, suicide.

Affiliation:

671 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

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Supplements, Diets and Other Complementary and Alternative Interventions in Adolescent Mental Health

Author(s):

Bettina Bernstein and Alisa VollPages 73-83 (11)

Abstract:

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular over the past 20 years and is used by many adolescents and their families. CAM includes a host of integrative approaches whose difference from traditional medicine center around its holistic rather than compartmentalized approach to the patient, in which evaluation of health and well-being considers the mind, body, and spirit.

Methods: This article provides an overview of both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches, with a focus on 1) how CAM can be used in clinical practice; 2) how to best choose amongst available approaches guided by research findings that provide information to maximize safety and efficacy. Two hypothetical cases illustrate how to apply the research base of evidence to patients and thus avoid diagnostic pitfalls and safety concerns.

Results: Current research points to the efficacy of CAM in adult and adolescent populations and the efficacy of interventions that include attention to good nutrition, regular exercise, sunlight, and hygiene, especially as these interventions may prevent or reduce the incidence of conduct disorder. Recent studies suggest that CAM treatments can improve overall functioning and reduce difficulties such as insomnia, depression and aggression that occur due to anxiety, attentional deficits, and mood disorders.

Conclusions: It is important to acknowledge the current public perception that CAM treatments are less likely to cause serious adverse effects as compared to conventional treatments. More studies of adolescent populations critical to confirm which complementary and alternative medicine treatments are both safe and efficacious. An informed open-minded attitude to non-conventional approaches has the potential to improve outcomes and trust amongst parents, adolescents and mainstream medical and behavioral health staff.

Keywords:

Adolescents, aggression, autism, ADHD, complementary and alternative medicine, dietary interventions, dietary supplements.

Affiliation:

Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA.

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A Possible Case of Bipolar Disorder Unmasked by Dextromethorphan in a 16-year-old Adolescent

Author(s):

Daniel P. Witter, Lalita Ramnaraine and Michael A. ShapiroPages 273-276 (4)

Abstract:

Background/Objective: Several case reports have described psychosis or mania in patients abusing dextromethorphan. In each of the cases of mania, the symptoms resolved rapidly after the dextromethorphan was metabolized. To our knowledge, no cases have been reported of an underlying diagnosis of bipolar disorder that has been revealed by abuse of dextromethorphan. This report describes such a possible case.

Method: We describe clinical observations and treatment of patient who received standard level of care for bipolar disorder.

Results: Our patient presented with symptoms of mania after ingesting 300 mg of dextromethorphan. His symptoms lasted for over one week after the dextromethorphan was out of his system, even after an antimanic agent was started. This is a significantly longer symptomatic period of time than has previously been reported in the literature.

Conclusions: While this case technically meets criteria for dextromethorphan-induced bipolar disorder according to DSM-5, we suggest that the prolonged course of symptoms may be more indicative of a primary bipolar disorder. We propose that this case might be more similar to the unmasking of bipolar symptoms by anti-depressant medications, which would be supported by the hypothesized acute anti-depressant effects of dextromethorphan.

Keywords:

Anti-depressant, bipolar, dextromethorphan, mania, manic.

Affiliation:

4037 NW 86th Terrace UF Health Adult Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.

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Problematic Internet Use: A Case of Social Media Addiction

Author(s):

Sandra M. DeJongPages 112-115 (4)

Abstract:

Background: Internet addiction, also called Problematic internet use, has an estimated prevalence globally of 5- 10%, quickly becoming an increasingly important clinical problem in adolescent psychiatry.

Method: A case of social media addiction in a 13-year-old girl is presented and discussed using Tam and Walter’s “Basic Model of PIU in Youth” (Tam and Walter, 2013). Potential treatment approaches are also reviewed.

Results: While many cases of internet addiction focus on online gaming, problematic use of social media is also common, particularly in adolescent girls. Defined as internet use that creates difficulties in psychological, social, academic and/or work domains, it has lacked a unified conceptual and treatment approach.

Conclusion: Internet addiction is an increasingly recognized clinical problem that arises in the context of a constellation of individual and parenting factors and that poses unique treatment dilemmas for clinicians.

Keywords:

Adolescents, case report, internet addiction, Problematic internet use, social media addiction.

Affiliation:

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.

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